In contrast, the onset of the 2017 coastal El Niño event was much more abrupt, with warming of around 7–9☌ at the coast over 1–2 weeks. These elements allowed for prediction several months in advance. In 19, ocean warming from the coast of South America to the central equatorial Pacific developed into extreme El Niño events and developed according to well-established ENSO mechanisms, albeit with enhanced ocean-atmosphere feedbacks associated with westerly winds along the equator. The warm and cool ocean phases are called El Niño and La Niña, respectively, while the Southern Oscillation is the large-scale atmospheric component of this interaction. ENSO events occur on a timescale of 3 to 7 years, which affects the global climate through atmospheric teleconnections. It is caused by atmosphere-ocean interactions in which the tropical atmosphere responds to fluctuating ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Įl Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a global-scale climate variability phenomenon. Due to the nature of the data and the political value of some of the information, data will be made available only upon written request and description of the use of data to this administrator Zoila Vela ( MYG and MR received funds from an unrestricted grant from the Wellcome Trust (209734/Z/17/Z). Even though data could be de-identified (to a certain point) because of the identities and positions of the people interviewed (a very reduced group of possible people), there would be information within the transcriptions or notes that could be used to identify the interviewees. This data has no restrictions and is readily available (list of sources available in Table 1). Health, climate, and economic information are available through the government web pages and institutions (Law of Transparency and Data Availability). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting information files. Received: JAccepted: AugPublished: September 26, 2023Ĭopyright: © 2023 Yglesias-González et al. PLoS ONE 18(9):Įditor: João Miguel Dias, Universidade de Aveiro, PORTUGAL (2023) Reflections on the impact and response to the Peruvian 2017 Coastal El Niño event: Looking to the past to prepare for the future. El Niño-related policies should be based on local-level risk analysis and efficient preparedness measures in the face of emergencies.Ĭitation: Yglesias-González M, Valdés-Velásquez A, Hartinger SM, Takahashi K, Salvatierra G, Velarde R, et al. At a national level, these findings expose a need for careful consideration of the potential limitations of policies linked to disaster prevention and preparedness when dealing with El Niño events. The 2017 event was the third strongest El Niño event according to literature, in terms of precipitation and river flooding and caused important economic losses and health impacts. This is the first case study to review the impact of a Coastal El Niño event on Peru’s economy, public health, and governance. In this article, we study the characteristics of El Niño events in Peru, its health and economic impacts and we discuss government preparedness for this kind of event, identify gaps in response, and provide evidence to inform adequate planning for future events and mitigating impacts on highly vulnerable regions and populations. Extreme weather can affect human health, increase shocks and stresses to the health systems, and cause large economic losses. In addition, climate scenarios show amplification in rainfall variability related to the warmer conditions associated with El Niño events. These include sea surface temperature increases, irregular precipitation patterns and reduction of glacier-covered areas. Climate-related phenomena in Peru have been slowly but continuously changing in recent years beyond historical variability.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |